BIEDERMEIER CHANDELIER

Torture collar from the second half of the 18th century.

An interesting object from bygone times that reminds us of the dark past of humanity. Torture devices like this one were popular since the Middle Ages and were used to humiliate, torture, and control convicts and slaves. The collar was placed around a person's neck, preventing normal movement, lying down, and overall comfort. Similar collars were also used on dogs, but without a lock, only with a buckle. In this case, the collar served to protect a dog guarding livestock from potential wolf attacks. Dimensions: 30 x 8 cm Weight: 1.1 kg Considering its age, the collar is excellently preserved, with patina that speaks to its history. It includes a lock, but without a key.

The scold's bridle.

The scold's bridle or brank, originating from Scotland in the 16th century, was a horrific device designed to cause shame, discomfort, and pain to its wearer. Its usage spread from Scotland to England, Germany, and other European countries. Its purpose was to shame, silence, and physically discomfort individuals who were deemed unruly or outspoken, particularly women who challenged authority or societal norms. Often, these bridles were crafted to resemble masks with distorted facial features, such as large ears, noses, or horns. Some even had bells attached to them, further humiliating the wearer and drawing attention to their presence. The bridle, worn for a minimum of several hours, prevented its wearer from eating, drinking, and most importantly, speaking. It consisted of a metal part inserted into the mouth, similar to a bit in a horse's harness, which held the tongue in place. In more severe cases, these metal mouthpieces had spikes, causing additional pain. The bridle was predominantly used as a punishment for women who were considered too vocal or contentious in public, especially widows or older women who were not under male control. It was also known as a "witch's bridle," indicating its use during witch trials to prevent accused witches from casting spells on their captors or communities. Additionally, disobedient wives could be subjected to this punishment at their husbands' request. While men could also face this punishment if perceived as a threat to the common good, it was primarily reserved for women deemed gossips, adulterers, prostitutes, or witches, as well as those who defied societal norms. The bridle served as a stark reminder of the oppression women faced and the consequences of expressing dissent in conservative societies. Remarkably, this punishment was not abolished in England until 1967, reflecting the enduring legacy of patriarchal control and the gradual progress towards women's rights. The scold's bridle serves as a poignant relic of the past, prompting reflection on the darker aspects of human history. Dimensions: 26 x 25.5 x 21 cm Weight: 3.2 kg The scold's bridle is in excellent condition, complete with a lock and accompanying key.